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Methods Data We used pooled files from the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series (IPUMS) for NHIS surveys with information on ST use and smoking (1987, 1991, 1992, 1994, 1998, 2000, 2005, and 2010) and linked to the National Death Index [6] to obtain follow-up from year of interview to year of death or December 31, 2015, the censor date for participants who did not die
Lighter can be used while case is closed
While still disposable, they offer minimal setup, a user-friendly interface, and multiple flavor options
After one cigarette: Urine can show cotinine for up to 4 days Blood levels may return to baseline in 23 days Saliva typically clears cotinine in 14 days For chronic smokers, cotinine accumulates and can stay much longer