Each of these components of e-cigarette vapour has been demonstrated to pose a risk to the cardiovascular system: a) nicotine can increase blood pressure and heart rate, or cause inflammation or stiffness in the arteries
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If we focus on the estimates made with the packs variable, Table 1 shows that the slope coefficient is equal to -0.747, -0.725, and -0.793, with heteroscedasticity and autocorrelation-consistent (HAC) standard error of 0.150, 0.026 and 0.139, for the three periods 20052021, 20052010 and 20112021, respectively
For the ordinal regression models, we confirmed the tenability of the proportional odds assumption