doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1142635 Summary Keywords constipation, tobacco, smoke exposure, NHANES, serum cotinine Citation Cui G, Jiao X, Wang Z and Zhang Z (2025) Association between tobacco smoke exposure and constipation among American adults: a National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
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Dual users smoke when they can and vape when they cannot While research on the transition from vaping to smoking remains inconclusive, Dr Sarah Jackson from University College Londons Alcohol and Tobacco Research Group suggests a potential link between vaping and risk-taking behavior