tobacco usage over time Trends in Smokeless Use and Initiation: 2002 to 2014 Figure 13.1, Per capita consumption

Types of Samples Cotinine can be measured in several biological specimens: Testing Methods Immunoassays (ELISA, rapid tests) Quick, inexpensive Can be qualitative (yes/no) or semi-quantitative Common in clinical and workplace screening Chromatography-based methods (GC-MS, LC-MS/MS) More accurate and quantitative Can distinguish nicotine from cotinine and other metabolites Used in research or forensic settings Interpretation of Results Cutoff values vary by lab and context

PMID 41274466 Cao S, Yin X, Wang Y, et al

Only three are full time

Methods: Cross-sectional data collected in the annual US National Health Interview Surveys (NHIS) conducted between 2015 and 2023 were used to characterize trends in adult current prevalence of any tobacco use, combustible and noncombustible tobacco product use

This survey of 6,902 German students looks at self-reported frequency of exposure to three ads two of which ran on television and one that ran online as well as use of e-cigarettes, cigarettes and hookahs