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The retrospective design, reliance on self-reported data, lack of information on dietary factors, unmeasured heavy metal exposure, and unaccounted variability in E-cigarette devices all limit causal conclusions and generalizability
Students in Grades 10, 11, and 12 (aged 1518 years old) were eligible for participation, with parents (due to ethical requirements) being responsible for discussing participation with the students, and allowing access to the link if they approved participation
In addition, the retail outlet's tobacco retail licence will be suspended for 6 months for the first offence, and revoked for the second offence
However, your dentist may suggest using anti-viral medication to prevent the patches from growing