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Annual use increased from 15.8 percent in 1995, to 18.3 percent in 1996, and current use from 9.1 percent to 11.3 percent

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I am a respiratory disease physician and professor at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, and I direct the COPD clinical and research programs

This is distinct from the common liability to addiction (CLA) model, which proposes that shared genetic, environmental, and psychosocial vulnerability predisposes individuals to all substance use simultaneously, with initiation sequence driven by drug availability and social context rather than neurobiological priming

Its going to be central to everything