Diabetes Care 2024;47(11):187388
This centrally produced GLP-1 reaches specific receptors located in key structures involved in appetite regulation, such as the paraventricular nucleus, the lateral septum, the nucleus accumbens and the lateral parabrachial nucleus.2,3,6 Furthermore, it promotes aversive responses, inhibits neuroinflammation and gastric emptying, and stimulates sympathetic tone and thermogenesis in experimental models.2,4,6 Activation of GLP-1R on neurons in the arcuate nucleus stimulates the production of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), which in turn inhibits neurons that produce neuropeptide Y (NPY), thereby generating an appetite-suppressing response.2 GLP-1 production has also been reported in the olfactory bulb, although its significance remains unclear.2,6 GLP-1R has been identified in the sinoatrial node, atrial and ventricular myocytes, and vascular endothelium
[DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 52.MacDonald PE, El-Kholy W, Riedel MJ, Salapatek AM, Light PE, and Wheeler MB, The Multiple Actions of GLP-1 on the Process of Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion, Diabetes 51, no
A program of medically guided weight loss should integrate everything from nutrition and fitness coaching to the medication itself
DNA damage builds up over time and increases PARP activity, which uses up NAD+ reserves
