Since natural vitamin B12 comes mainly from animal sources, vegans typically need to use a supplement to get proper amounts of the nutrient
ROS exert cellular toxicity by modifying DNA, lipids, and proteins through DNA base oxidation, lipid peroxidation, and protein carbonylation (protein oxidation), respectively 7,8,9
Specifically, the UL of 1,000 mg/day of -tocopherol in any supplemental form (equivalent to 1,500 IU/day of RRR --tocopherol or 1,100 IU/day of all - rac --tocopherol) corresponds to the highest dose unlikely to result in hemorrhage in almost all adults (2)
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4 (41), eaav2026 (2019)